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Aerophones - Winds
(cumulative list, from all years' programs)
Instrument: Accordion
Dance/Movement Style in PLM: Polish Mountain Dances, Commedia dell'Arte, Romani dance forms, Hungarian Dance
The accordion is a portable instrument based on free reeds activated by
a keyboard and a set of bellows. The concertina and the accordion were
both invented in 1829, one in England and one in Vienna, Austria. The
accordion was brought to the U.S. in the mid-1830's, and was called the
French Accordion because of its great popularity in France at the time.
The German accordion was mass-produced by German manufacturers after
the 1850's, and enjoyed widespread popularity in America. The Button
and Piano Accordions became popular after World War I. The Piano
accordion is often associated with polka music in the U.S., and in
France the Button accordion is the king of musette music. Versions of
the accordion are used in cajun music, in Eastern European music, in
Argentine tango, and in many other types of music worldwide.
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Instrument: Flute
Dance/Movement Style in PLM: Commedia dell'Arte, Maya
The flute is the instrument that serves as the soprano voice in
most bands, orchestras, and woodwind groups. Most flutes are made of
metal and consist chiefly of a tube with a mouthpiece near one end. The
musician holds the flute horizontally and blows across an oval shaped
hole in the mouthpiece. At the same time, the musician presses levers
on the flute, called keys. The keys, when depressed and released, open
and close tone holes on the flute to produce different notes.
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Instrument: Piccolo
Dance/Movement Style in PLM: Commedia dell'Arte
The piccolo is a type of transverse flute that is pitched an octave
above the concert (or standard) flute. It has a range of nearly three
octaves and reaches the highest pitches of a modern orchestra. It is
used for special effects in orchestras but is more widely used in
concert and marching bands. It is played in the same manner as a flute.
The piccolo was originally made out of wood and was featured in many
prominent composers' works. One of the earliest pieces to use the
piccolo was Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. However, the most familiar use
of the piccolo is in the end of John Philip Sousa's "The Stars and
Stripes Forever."
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Instrument: Quena
Dance/Movement Style in PLM: Andean Dance
The quena is native flute of the Andes, originating many centuries
before the Spanish conquest, and it holds a position of substantial
prominence in Andean culture. The quena is a vertical flute, tubular in
shape, open at both ends, with a U-shaped mouthpiece. It has six finger
holes in front and one in the back. Quenas are available in a variety
of sizes, according to purpose and to local customs. It can be made of
wood or bamboo, though traditionally is made of clay, stone and bone,
especially the wing bones of the condor.
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Instrument: Sikus
Dance/Movement Style in PLM: Andean Dance
Sikus (plural of siqu) are also called panpipes or zampoņas. The
siqu is of Aymara origin from the highlands of Bolivia, and is made out
of 17 cane tubes arranged in two rows. Sikus come in four sizes, with
the smallest at about 4 inches to the largest at about 5 feet long.
Their names are from small to large: ica, malta, zanca and toyo. They
are played in sets of two, in interlocking melody and rhythm. The
musicians who play the sikus and dance at the same time are known as
Siquris.
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Instrument: Saxophone
Dance/Movement Style in PLM: Commedia dell'Arte
The family of saxophones patented in 1846 by Adolphe Sax (from Belgium)
combines the single reed of the clarinet with the bore and fingering
patterns of the oboe, producing the tonal qualities of neither. The
instruments fit well into bands, for their sound blends well with brass
and woodwind instruments; their application to the orchestra has been
more limited, because saxophones tend to dominate the varied tonal
characteristics of that ensemble. Saxophones are made in seven sizes
and pitch levels, spanning the entire spectrum of wind-instrument
pitches. The most common are the alto and tenor saxophones.
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Instrument: Sho
Dance/Movement Style in PLM:
The Japanese sho
is a free-reed instrument consisting of 17 vertical bamboo pipes, fastened in
place by a metal base. It is played by the inhalation and exhalation of the
breath, resulting in extended periods of sound. It was introduced into Japanese
culture by the Chinese in the seventh and eighth centuries, influenced by the
Chinese sheng, and is typically
associated with gagaku, or Japanese
imperial court music.
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www.muarts.org.uk
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Instrument: Sheng
Dance/Movement Style in PLM:
The Chinese sheng
is a free-reed instrument consisting of 13-17 vertical bamboo pipes, fastened
in place by a gourd-shaped, wooden base. It is played by blowing air into the
base, and covering two or more holes on the various pipes creates different
sounds and chords. It is capable of producing six notes simultaneously and is
often referred to as the Chinese mouth organ. It has origins in the Chinese
Zhou Dynasty spanning from 1045 to 256 BC.
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http://aris.ss.uci.edu/rgarfias
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Instrument: Piri
Dance/Movement Style in PLM: Geommu
The piri is a Korean double reed instrument, used in both
the folk and classical (court) music of Korea. It is made of bamboo. Its large
reed and cylindrical bore gives it a sound mellower than that of many other
types of oboe.
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www.koreanagifts.com
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Instrument: Daegeum
Dance/Movement Style in PLM: Geommu
The daegeum is a large bamboo transverse flute used in traditional Korean
music. It has a buzzing membrane that gives it a special timbre. It is used in
court, aristocratic, and folk music, as well as in contemporary music, popular
music, and film scores.
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www.asia.msu.edu
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